| 李 晨,谷晓菲,闹 九,赵 凯,王 强,赵平风,马 龙.麻尾山石灰岩露天矿对环境胁迫影响因素分析及治理修复建议[J].甘肃地质,2024,(3):58-65 |
| 麻尾山石灰岩露天矿对环境胁迫影响因素分析及治理修复建议 |
| Impact of Maweishan Limestone Open Pit Mine on Environmental Stress and Its Treatment and Restoration |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 石灰岩矿山 环境胁迫影响 AHP分析方法 生态修复 甘肃夏河 |
| 英文关键词:limestone mines environmental stress impacts AHP analysis methods ecological governance Gannan |
| 基金项目:甘肃省自然资源厅“基于甘南高原露天石灰岩矿环境恢复治理应用技术研究”（2023yjrc015）；甘南州科技局“历史遗留露天石灰岩矿环境恢复治理技术应用评价研究”（2023JY1SZ004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 甘肃省夏河县麻尾山石灰岩矿为露天开采矿山，通过实地调查及相关文献资料整理分析，总结了石灰岩矿山露天开采对环境的胁迫影响因素。研究结果表明：石灰岩露天矿对环境的胁迫影响聚焦在地质环境与地貌景观。具体包括：①不稳定斜坡，凹凸不平，斜坡体上的风化岩体碎块有坠落迹象，稳定性差；②矿区土壤为高山草甸土，开采活动导致原有土壤流失和土壤结构的恶化，形成黑土滩；③矿区露天开采活动破坏区域内的地层结构，致使裂缝、裂隙及构造节理发生变化，破坏含水层结构，但对地下水水位下降影响甚微。④开采面的岩体裸露，矿山排放的废石（渣）堆积于山坡或沟谷，给地貌景观带来强烈的视觉污染。通过AHP分析方法，针对构造复杂、破坏严重的石灰岩矿山遗迹地，筛选出矿山生态治理修复的优化模式，从修复的制约因素看，不稳定斜坡存在的崩塌隐患对矿山修复治理的影响最大；从修复方针措施的权重分配可知，对露天矿的场地平台进行平整、覆土、种草及清理坡面危岩占突出地位。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Taking the Maweishan open-pit limestone mine in Xiahe County, Gansu Province as a case study, this paper summarizes the influencing factors of open-pit exposure of limestone mine on the environment through field investigation and analysis of relevant literature. The results show that the stress impact of limestone open-pit mine on the environment focuses on the geological environment and geomorphological landscape. Specifically, it includes: first: unstable slope, uneven, weathered rock mass fragments on the slope body have signs of falling outcropping, poor stability; Second, the soil in the mining area is alpine meadow soil, and the mining activities lead to the loss of the original soil and the deterioration of the soil structure, forming a black soil beach; Third, the open-pit mining activities in the mining area destroy the stratigraphic structure in the area, resulting in changes in fractures, fissures and tectonic joints, and destroying the aquifer structure, but have little impact on the decline of groundwater level. Fourth: the rock mass of the mining face is exposed, and the waste rock （slag） discharged from the mine is accumulated on the hillside or valley, which brings strong visual pollution to the landform landscape. Through the AHP analysis method, the optimization mode of ecological governance and restoration was screened out for the limestone mine relics with complex structure and serious damage, and the optimization mode of mine ecological governance and restoration was screened out. From the weight distribution of restoration measures, it can be seen that leveling, soil covering, grass planting and clearing of dangerous rocks on the slope of the open-pit mine site platform occupy a prominent position. |
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